The Ogoni
The Ogoni, 850,000 strong, live in Ogoniland in the Niger Delta. They practice Christianity (mostly Protestant) and animism - worshiping a river god (as Celts did).
Royal Dutch Shell began oil extraction in 1958, spilling c2.1m barrels of oil over 15 years, destroying people's livelihoods. In 1990, Ken Saro-Wiwa, a poet and writer, and eight others, campaigned against the plunder of Ogoni oil. The Movement for Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP) was established. In 1993, it mobilised peaceful marches, to demand a share of oil revenue and political reform. Over 4,000 Ogoni were killed, in the following years, from state-sponsored terrorism.
Oil spills destroyed fisheries and agricultural land in Ogoniland. People are still exposed to high concentrations of hydrocarbons and carcinogens in the air, water and land. 4 out of 10 children die within 3 months of being born.
In November 1995, the Nigerian Government arrested Ken Saro Wiwa and his colleagues. They were declared guilty by a kangaroo court and cruelly hanged. In 2005, the Nigerian federal high court judge ruled that gas flaring in the Niger Delta violated human rights. Shell petitioned courts not to hear any subsequent cases. However, in 2009, in the court case of Saro-Wiwa Vs Shell, the oil giant agreed to pay £9.6m to settle an action in which it was accused of having collaborated in the execution Ken Saro-Wiwa, and eight others. Repression continued.
The United Nations Environmental Programme's (UNEP) Environmental Assessment of Ogoniland, published in 2011, noted that restoring the environment would take decades.
The Irish Corrib Gas Field (Co Mayo), now in its later stages, sees suboptimal use of gas by Shell. As feedstock for chemical production, it can (per cubic meter), be most economically advantageous. Long-term contracts for high-value products with stable, growing demand provide price stability for industries essential to the global economy. The Irish Government will only combust the entire reserve (for c$3.5 billion). Electricity and heating is lower in the value chain than conversion into chemicals and high-value products. Using the gas for high-value uses, would have netted the Irish Government from c$7 billion to $17.5 billion.
The president of MOSOP, Fegalo Nsuke, has noted moves by some Ogoni chiefs to collaborate with an oil company, Geoplex Drillteq Limited. They were to meet on May 25th, 2024, to allow Geoplex to resume oil production. Nsuke warns against the use of force against the people for their not backing such move. He speaks as Ken Saro-Wiwa would have. All these events lie behind the establishment of the All Lives Institute.
-----------------------------------
Ndi Ogoni, 850,000 siri ike, bi na Ogoniland na Niger Delta. Ha na-eme Iso Ụzọ Kraịst (nke na-abụkarị ndị Protestant) na animism - na- efe chi osimiri (dị ka Celts mere).
Royal Dutch Shell malitere mmịpụta mmanụ n'afọ 1958, na-awụfu mmanụ mmanụ c 2.1m n'ime afọ iri na ise, na -emebi ihe ndị mmadụ ji ebi ndụ. N’afọ 1990, Ken Saro-Wiwa, bụ́ onye na-ede uri na onye edemede, na mmadụ asatọ ndị ọzọ, gbara mbọ megide ịkwakọrọ mmanụ Ogoni. E hiwere otu Movement for Survival of Ogoni People (MOSOP). N'afọ 1993, ọ chịkọtara njem udo, iji chọọ oke ego ha nwetara na mmanụ na mgbanwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị. Ihe karịrị 4,000 Ogoni ka egburu, n'ime afọ ndị na-esote, site na iyi ọha egwu nke steeti kwadoro.
Mwụfu mmanụ mebiri azụ̀ na ala ubi n'Ala Ogoni. A ka na-ekpughere ndị mmadụ n'ọkwa dị elu nke hydrocarbons na carcinogens na ikuku, mmiri na ala. 4 n'ime ụmụaka 10 na-anwụ n'ime ọnwa 3 nke amuru ha.
Na Nọvemba 1995, Gọọmenti Naijiria nwụchiri Ken Saro Wiwa na ndị ọrụ ibe ya. Ụlọikpe kangaroo mara ha ikpe ma kwụgbuo ha n'ụzọ obi ọjọọ. N'afọ 2005 , ọkaikpe gọọmenti etiti Naijiria kpebiri na gas na-agba na Niger Delta megidere ikike mmadụ . Shell rịọrọ ụlọ ikpe ka ha ghara ịnụ ikpe ọ bụla na-esote. Otú ọ dị, na 20 09 , na c ourt ikpe nke Saro-Wiwa V s Shell , mmanụ mmanụ kwetara ịkwụ £ 9.6m iji dozie ihe omume nke e boro ya ebubo imekọ ihe ọnụ na ogbugbu Ken Saro-Wiwa, na asatọ. ndị ọzọ. Mmegide gara n'ihu.
Otu United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) gburugburu Ogoniland, nke e bipụtara na 2011, kwuru na iweghachi gburugburu ga-ewe ọtụtụ iri afọ.
Ebe Irish Corrib Gas Field (Co Mayo), ugbu a na ọkwa ikpeazụ ya, na-ahụ ojiji nke gas kachasị mma site na Shell. Dị ka nri nri maka mmepụta kemịkalụ, ọ nwere ike (kwa cubic mita), ọ kacha baa uru n'ụzọ akụ na ụba. Nkwekọrịta ogologo oge maka ngwaahịa ndị dị oke ọnụ ahịa nwere ihe kwụsiri ike, na-eto eto na-enye nkwụsi ike ọnụahịa maka ụlọ ọrụ dị mkpa maka akụ na ụba ụwa. Gọọmenti Irish ga-agbanyụ ihe nchekwa niile (maka ijeri $ 3.5) . Eletrik na kpo oku dị ala na agbụ ọnụ ahịa karịa ngbanwe na kemịkalụ na ngwaahịa bara uru. Iji gas maka ojiji dị oke ọnụ ahịa, gaara enweta gọọmentị Irish site na ijeri $7 ruo ijeri $17.5 .
Onye isi oche MOSOP, Fegalo Nsuke, achọpụtala ihe ụfọdụ ndị isi Ogoni mere iji rụkọọ ọrụ na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ, Geoplex Drillteq Limited. Ha ga-ezute na Mee 25th, 2024, iji kwe ka Geoplex maliteghachi mmepụta mmanụ. Nsuke na-adọ aka na ntị megide iji ike na-emegide ndị mmadụ maka akwadoghị mmegharị ahụ. Ọ na-ekwu dị ka Ken Saro-Wiwa gaara. Ihe omume ndị a niile na-adabere n'azụ ntọala All Lives Institute.
The following links lead to studies investigated:
Individuals Attacked:
Albinos
Elderly
Unborn
Native Canadian Women
Child Exploitation
Groups which do not resist:
Diminutive
Peru tribes
The Yaqui
Diamond Miners
Groups which resist:
The Kachin
The Ogoni
In Honour of Sarah Everard
In honour of Ashling Murphy
|
|
